Technology: 2025

Monday, 25 August 2025

YouTube aspect ratio

YouTube 16:9 aspect ratio:
1920x1080 (1080p) or 3840x2160 (4K)

YouTube 9:16 aspect ratio (mobile vertical size):
1080 x 1920 pixels (or 2160 x 3840 for 4K)

Saturday, 9 August 2025

Shutter/Record Button：
Press once：Take a photo or start/stop recording.
Press and hold when powered off：Power on quickly and begin shooting. The shooting mode will depend on the SnapShot settings. After shooting, the camera will automatically power off if left idle for three seconds.

Quick Switch Button：
Press and hold：Power on/off.
Press once：Switch between shooting modes. During video and slow-motion recording, press to mark a highlight moment in the footage, allowing to quickly locate specific shots during post-editing and reducing the time spent searching for highlights.

Osmo Action Multifunctional Battery Case：
Status LEDs Descriptions：
1. Solid Red：0 ≤ Battery Level ＜ 20%
2. Solid Yellow：21 ≤ Battery Level ＜ 80%
3. Solid Green：81 ≤ Battery Level ＜ 100%
4. Off：The battery in the corresponding battery port is fully charged or discharged.
5. Three LEDs Blink Green Successively：No battery is inserted into any port.
6. Three LED Blink Red Rapidly：The battery case is malfunctioning.
7. Blinks Red：An abnormal battery is inserted into the corresponding port.

Operating the Touchscreen：

Tap：
Select the icons on both sides of the screen to playback footage and change the camera settings.

Swipe Down from the top of the Screen.
Enters the control menu.

Voice Control：
中文语音命令列表为：开始录像，停止录像，拍张照片，关闭相机。

Depth Display：On
Auto Record：On

Altitude：

Turn off front screen：

1) Single Screen Preview (Scrn Off When Locked) = Turn On
Note：want to use selfie then Turn Off
2) Always On Display = Turn On，Display in Single Screen Preview = Turn Off，Style = Basic

Scrn Off When Rec：Never
Note：Unless use Timelapse、水下拍摄，可以设置时间以节省电量。

Swipe Left or Right
Switches between video, photo, and other shooting modes.

Swipe Up from the Bottom of the Screen：
To set shooting parameters such as aspect ratio, count-down time, and resolution.

EIS Mode：

Disabled	When selected, record the video with the largest FOV. (三脚架、静态拍摄)
RockSteady	Stabilizes footage while retaining the dynamics of movement, which is suitable for first-person perspective shooting. (日常走路、手持自拍)
RockSteady+	Compared with RockSteady, the edges of these images will be reduced slightly to obtain a stronger stabilization performance. (快速奔跑、骑行/山地车/越野运动、滑板/冲浪/滑雪等极限运动)
HorizonBalancing	This mode reduces the shaking of images within ±45°. (轻度转向时保持水平，山地骑行、胸挂式拍摄)
HorizonSteady	This mode corrects shakes for any horizontal rotation (360°) and locks on the leveled horizon in every frame, regardless of how the camera is mounted or worn. (极限运动，旋转镜头拍摄，360度滑板、滑雪、冲浪)

Standard (Dewarp)	畸变去除，画面自然，看起来像普通相机拍的照片
Wide	畸变较小，视角广
Ultra Wide	畸变明显，视角超广

DJI Mimo：

After shooting a video with Osmo Action 5 Pro and the selfie stick, you can connect it to the DJI Mimo app to eliminate the selfie stick.

##########

1) Timelapse（拍银行或北极光）Method 1：
Refer：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ZmYrteBjaE

1.1）Photo（先拍一张照片看一下效果，设定如下）：
1.1.1）Exposure：M
1.1.1.1）Shutter Speed = 25s,ISO = 6400 （如果光污染比较严重，ISO = 5000）

1.1.2）White Balance：AWB
1.1.3）Format：JPEG+RAW
1.1.4）Aspect Ratio：L(4:3)

1.1.5）Countdown：1s

1.2）Timelapse（转去延时摄影，设定如下）：
1.2.1）Exposure：M
1.2.1.1）Shutter Speed = 25s,ISO = 6400 （如果光污染比较严重，ISO = 5000）
1.2.2）White Balance：AWB
1.2.3）Format：Video+RAW
1.2.4）Timelapse Setting：
1.2.4.1）Custom：Interval = 30s,Duration = 3h

1.2.4.2）Resolution = 4K/4:3, fps = 25
Note：prefer 4K/16:9

1.2.4.3）Screen Off，Standard (Dewarp)

1.2.4.4）开始拍摄。

1.3）后期处理：
1.3.1）Select all RAW files (DNG file) and opne with photoshop

1.3.2）Photoshop > Select all files > Filter > Camera Raw Filter > Detail > Noise Reduction > Denoise

1.3.3）Select all New RAW files (DNG file) and opne with photoshop,adjust Exposure(+1.5)、Contrast(+7)、Highlights(-10)、Shadow(+44)、Clarity(+35)、Saturation Purples(-60)、Hue Purples(-50)、Vibrance(+32)、Saturation(+5)

1.3.4）Save as JPEG
1.3.5）Use Video Editing Software，import all the photo，Duration = 1s，export as video

2) Timelapse（拍银行或北极光）Method 2：
Refer：https：//www.youtube.com/watch?v=rW53m7-fFnM

2.1）Exposure (曝光)：M
Shutter Speed = 25s (再去make sure Interval 是 30s)，ISO = 3200

2.2）White Balance (白平衡)：M
White Balance：3800K (4000K is OK)

2.3）Format：Video + RAW

2.4）Timelaps Settings：Interval = 30s and Duration = ∞

2.5）Shutter Speed：Resolution = 4k and fps = 30

2.6）Wide view：

2.7）开始拍摄。

3) Preset Timelapse
Crowds：10min/0.5s,
Clouds：10min/2s,
Sunset：1h/3s（Someone advise change the ISO to 100-800）

##########

技巧：
White Balance (白平衡)：选AWB，等到数值固定了，选M固定在想要的数值。

iPhone 13 default video format：1080p HD at 30fps，16:9，8bit
Action 5 recommended video format：
Vlog：4K/16:9，30fps，Standard (Dewarp)
Sport or Dark Site：4K/16:9，60fps，Standard (Dewarp)
Movie：4K/16:9，24fps，Standard (Dewarp)
Slow Motion：4K/16:9，120fps，Standard (Dewarp)
Asia 室内：4K/16:9，25fps，Standard (Dewarp)

iPhone 13 default photo format：4:3，4032x3024，12MP
Action 5 recommended photo format：4:3，7296x5472，40MP 【L Size】
4:3，3648x2736，10MP 【M Size】

Recommended：
Exposure Shutter Speed：1/200，ISO：100-800
Default：Shutter Speed：1/100 +0.0EV，ISO：100-25600

##########

Aperture（光圈）：镜头的开口大小，决定进光量（Action 5 是f/2.0）
Sensor（感光元件）：Action 5 是1/1.3”CMOS

Exposure（曝光）：
1. 曝光越低（例如 EV -1、-2）：光进得少，抑制高光。
2. 曝光越高（例如 EV +1、+2）：光进得多，提亮暗部。
Note：Exposure Value，曝光补偿

Shutter Speed（快门速度）：
1. 快门速度越低（数值大，例如 1/30s、1/15s、1s）：快门开得久 → 进光量多 → 画面更亮。
2. 快门速度越高（数值小，例如 1/1000s、1/2000s）：快门开得短 → 进光量少 → 画面更暗。

ISO （感光度）：
1. ISO 越低（例如 ISO 100、200）：噪点少、细节清晰。
2. ISO 越高（例如 ISO 1600、3200、6400）：在低光环境下可见度提升。

##########

White Balance（白平衡）：它决定了画面的色温。
1.低色温（如 3000K）：越低越偏蓝。
2.高色温（如 6500K）：越高越偏黄。

灯泡：3000K is Warm White,6500K Day Light

##########

Color（色彩模式）：Normal 8bit （如果没有后期调色）

##########

Tone（色调）：Neutral（中性）

##########

Stabilization Scenario（防抖场景）：Daily

##########

Image Adjustment（图像调节）：Default
Manual：
Texture（纹理）：高 Texture：保留更多细节，例如石头的颗粒、树叶的纹路。
Noise Reduction（降噪）：高 Noise Reduction：画面干净，但会牺牲细节（尤其是树叶、草地会糊）。

##########

Channel（录音声道模式）：Stereo（立体声）【适合旅游纪录片】
Mono（单声道）：适合讲解、采访。

##########

Wind Noise Reduction（防风降噪）：Standard
Off（关）：完全不做电子防风降噪，保留全部原始音频。
High（高）：强力削减低频风噪，人声和环境声会更干净，适合大风天气。

Thursday, 24 April 2025

Vectorworks Fine-tuning

🔍 VRAM Allocation Details

Dedicated Graphics Memory: Approximately 128 MB, as reported by some users and reviews.
Shared System Memory: Can dynamically allocate up to several gigabytes, depending on system demands and available RAM.

This configuration is typical for integrated graphics solutions, where the GPU doesn't have its own dedicated memory but instead shares the system's RAM.

🟡 Check Your VRAM (Windows)

To check how much VRAM your AMD graphics card has:

Press Win + R, type dxdiag, and press Enter.
Click the Display tab.
Look for “Display Memory (VRAM)” or “Approx. Total Memory”.

Or:

Right-click desktop → Display settings → Advanced display settings → Display adapter properties → Check VRAM.

🛠️ Minimum VRAM for Vectorworks

2 GB VRAM – Minimum (not ideal for 3D rendering)
4 GB VRAM – OK for light work
8 GB+ VRAM – Recommended for professional use, 3D, and rendering

⚠️ Additional Considerations

Thermal Performance: Some reviews indicate that under heavy workloads, the P14s Gen 2 may experience thermal throttling, affecting performance.
GPU Utilization: Ensure that the NVIDIA T500 is properly configured to be utilized by Vectorworks, as some users have reported the GPU not being engaged during tasks.

✅ Step-by-Step: Force Vectorworks to Use NVIDIA T500

1. Open NVIDIA Control Panel

Right-click on the desktop → click NVIDIA Control Panel
(If it's missing, install it via the Microsoft Store or the NVIDIA website)

2. Set Preferred GPU for Vectorworks

In the left sidebar, go to: Manage 3D Settings → Program Settings tab
Click Add → Browse to the Vectorworks executable (usually in C:\Program Files\Vectorworks [Year]\)
Under Select the preferred graphics processor, choose: ✅ High-performance NVIDIA processor
Click Apply

3. Set Global Preferences (optional)

If you want all applications to use the T500 (not always recommended for battery life), go to:

Global Settings → set Preferred Graphics Processor to: ✅ High-performance NVIDIA processor

4. Windows Graphics Settings (Extra Check)

Go to Settings → System → Display → Graphics
Scroll down to "Custom graphics settings"
Click Browse, find the Vectorworks .exe, and add it
Click Options → set to High performance (NVIDIA T500)

⚙️ Optional Tweaks for Better Vectorworks Performance

Update GPU drivers via NVIDIA Experience or Lenovo Vantage
In Vectorworks:
- Go to Tools → Options → Vectorworks Preferences
- Under Display, enable or tweak:
  - Use Enhanced Navigation Graphics ✅
  - Best performance mode for rendering
Close background apps (especially memory-heavy ones like browsers or Adobe apps)

🧠 Bonus: Know When the GPU Is Actually Working

Open Task Manager (Ctrl+Shift+Esc) → Performance tab → GPU
You should see “GPU 1 - NVIDIA T500” showing activity when Vectorworks is running
You can also install GPU-Z or use NVIDIA Performance Overlay (Alt+R) to monitor usage

🧠 日志分析

Vectorworks 通常会在崩溃时生成日志文件
你可以在：
```
C:\Users\[你的用户名]\AppData\Roaming\Nemetschek\Vectorworks\
```
找到相关崩溃报告或系统日志

🔍 Possible Reasons for Lag (with Low CPU/RAM Usage)

1. Disk Performance (Slow SSD/HDD or High Disk Usage)

Even if CPU/RAM is fine, slow or failing storage can cause lag.
Check: Task Manager → “Performance” tab → Look at Disk usage % and Active time.

Fix:

Make sure you're using an NVMe SSD (not a SATA SSD or HDD).
Check disk health with tools like CrystalDiskInfo or Lenovo Vantage.

2. Thermal Throttling (Overheating)

The system might throttle the CPU/GPU speed even if usage is low.

Fix:

Use HWMonitor or CoreTemp to check CPU temperatures.
Clean the vents/fans and update BIOS + firmware.
Use "Performance" mode in Windows power settings or Lenovo Vantage.

3. Background Processes / Services

Some background tasks (antivirus, Windows updates, indexing) may not use much CPU but still cause lag.

Fix:

Use Task Manager > Startup to disable unneeded startup apps.
Check for background processes (especially antivirus, OneDrive sync, etc.).

4. Graphics Driver or Hardware Issues

P14s Gen 2 can have Intel Iris Xe or discrete AMD/NVIDIA GPUs.
Laggy UI, stuttering video, or delayed window movement can be GPU-related.

Fix:

Update GPU drivers (Intel / AMD / NVIDIA) from official site or via Lenovo Vantage.
If using dual graphics (Intel + discrete), check GPU switching settings.

5. Power Plan Limitations

Windows might be running in Power Saver mode, limiting performance.

Fix:

Go to Settings > Power & Battery > Power Mode → Set to Best Performance.
Also check Lenovo Vantage → Device → Power for performance settings.

6. Faulty Software or OS Corruption

Corrupted system files or misbehaving apps can silently cause lag.

Fix:

Run sfc /scannow and DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth in Command Prompt as admin.
Check Event Viewer for errors.

🎮 1. Understanding GPU Switching

Your laptop likely has:

Intel Iris Xe (integrated) – power-efficient, used for light tasks.
Discrete GPU (NVIDIA or AMD) – powerful, used for demanding apps like CAD, Vectorworks, games, etc.

🧠 The system can dynamically switch based on the workload, but sometimes this needs manual tuning for the best result.

⚙️ 2. Set Preferred GPU for Specific Apps (Best Practice)

✅ Windows 10/11 Settings

Go to: Settings > System > Display > Graphics
Under “Custom options for apps”, click Browse
Find the app (e.g., Vectorworks.exe), click Add
Click the app → Options
Choose:
- Power Saving = Intel GPU
- High Performance = Discrete GPU (NVIDIA or AMD)
Click Save

🧩 Recommended:

Set design/rendering apps (e.g., Vectorworks, Adobe, Blender) to High performance
Leave browsers, file manager, etc., on Power saving

🖥️ 3. NVIDIA Control Panel (If using NVIDIA GPU)

Right-click Desktop → NVIDIA Control Panel
Go to Manage 3D settings
Under Global Settings:
- Set Preferred GPU to High-performance NVIDIA processor
- Or go to Program Settings to adjust for specific apps

🧩 Tip: If you don’t see this panel, make sure the latest NVIDIA drivers are installed.

🔧 4. BIOS Setting (Advanced Option)

Some ThinkPads allow manual control over graphics switching:

Enter BIOS (press F1 at boot)
Go to Config > Display
Options might include:
- Hybrid Graphics (default)
- Discrete Only
- Integrated Only

📌 Use Hybrid for balanced usage. Use Discrete Only if you're plugged in and need full GPU power always (but expect battery drain).

🔋 5. Lenovo Vantage Performance Profile

Open Lenovo Vantage
Go to Device > Power
Choose Performance Mode
This helps ensure the system favors the discrete GPU when needed.

🧪 Optional: Monitor GPU Usage

Use Task Manager → Performance tab → GPU to see which GPU is active.
Or use GPU-Z or HWInfo64 for more detailed monitoring.

🔧 Possible Causes + Fixes for Lag When Using Discrete GPU

1. 🚫 Outdated or Faulty GPU Driver

Even a small driver glitch can cause huge performance issues when switching GPUs.

Fix:

Go to Device Manager → Display Adapters
Right-click your discrete GPU → Uninstall device
- Tick "Delete the driver software for this device"
Reboot
Then reinstall the latest official driver:
- NVIDIA: NVIDIA Drivers
- AMD Radeon: AMD Drivers

🧩 Tip: Avoid Windows Update drivers — they’re often outdated or generic.

2. 🔄 Conflicting GPU Switch Mode (BIOS Issue)

Some systems lag because of "Hybrid" vs "Discrete Only" BIOS settings not syncing well with Windows.

Fix:

Restart your laptop and press F1 to enter BIOS
Go to: Config > Display
Try switching between:
- Hybrid Graphics (Default) ← best for balance
- Discrete Only ← if Hybrid is buggy

Save and exit BIOS.

🧩 If “Discrete Only” causes lag, revert to Hybrid and control GPU use via Windows/NVIDIA settings instead.

3. ⚡ Power Settings + Thermal Throttling

The discrete GPU requires more power and cooling — if power delivery or thermal management is limited, it may cause lag or stutter.

Fix:

Windows Power Mode: Set to “Best Performance”
- Settings > Power & Battery > Power Mode
In Lenovo Vantage, set performance profile to Performance
Ensure the laptop is plugged in during GPU-intensive tasks

4. ❄️ GPU Overheating → Throttling

If the GPU starts heating up too fast, it throttles itself to prevent damage.

Fix:

Install HWMonitor or HWiNFO64 to monitor GPU temps
Clean vents/fans or use a cooling pad if temps go above 85°C consistently
Update BIOS and Lenovo firmware via Lenovo Vantage

5. ❌ Faulty Hardware or VRAM Issue

It’s rare, but possible the discrete GPU has a hardware defect — especially if it's lagging even when idle.

Fix:

Run Lenovo Diagnostics (built into Lenovo Vantage or at boot via F10/F12 menu)
Look specifically for GPU and memory tests
If anything fails, it's time to contact Lenovo support.

✅ Ways to Increase Shared GPU Memory (VRAM)

🛠 1. BIOS/UEFI 设置中调整 VRAM 分配

最有效的方法：

重启电脑 → 进入 BIOS/UEFI（通常是按 Del、F2、F10 或 Esc）
找到以下类似选项：
- Graphics Settings
- IGD Memory, DVMT Pre-Allocated, UMA Frame Buffer Size
设置为：
- 512MB, 1024MB, 2048MB，有时甚至可到 4096MB
保存并退出 BIOS

⚠️ 注意：不同主板和笔电品牌有不同设定名词，并非所有设备都可调。

Monday, 25 August 2025

YouTube aspect ratio

Saturday, 9 August 2025

DJI Osmo Action 5 Pro

Thursday, 24 April 2025

Vectorworks Fine-tuning

🔍 VRAM Allocation Details

🟡 Check Your VRAM (Windows)

🛠️ Minimum VRAM for Vectorworks

⚠️ Additional Considerations

✅ Step-by-Step: Force Vectorworks to Use NVIDIA T500

1. Open NVIDIA Control Panel

2. Set Preferred GPU for Vectorworks

3. Set Global Preferences (optional)

4. Windows Graphics Settings (Extra Check)

⚙️ Optional Tweaks for Better Vectorworks Performance

🧠 Bonus: Know When the GPU Is Actually Working

🧠 日志分析

🔍 Possible Reasons for Lag (with Low CPU/RAM Usage)

1. Disk Performance (Slow SSD/HDD or High Disk Usage)

2. Thermal Throttling (Overheating)

3. Background Processes / Services

4. Graphics Driver or Hardware Issues

5. Power Plan Limitations

6. Faulty Software or OS Corruption

🎮 1. Understanding GPU Switching

⚙️ 2. Set Preferred GPU for Specific Apps (Best Practice)

✅ Windows 10/11 Settings

🖥️ 3. NVIDIA Control Panel (If using NVIDIA GPU)

🔧 4. BIOS Setting (Advanced Option)

🔋 5. Lenovo Vantage Performance Profile

🧪 Optional: Monitor GPU Usage

🔧 Possible Causes + Fixes for Lag When Using Discrete GPU

1. 🚫 Outdated or Faulty GPU Driver

2. 🔄 Conflicting GPU Switch Mode (BIOS Issue)

3. ⚡ Power Settings + Thermal Throttling

4. ❄️ GPU Overheating → Throttling

5. ❌ Faulty Hardware or VRAM Issue

✅ Ways to Increase Shared GPU Memory (VRAM)

🛠 1. BIOS/UEFI 设置中调整 VRAM 分配